Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia, boasts a rich cultural and historical tradition dating back many centuries. Situated in the Yamāmah region on the ruins of the old city of Ḥajr, it is known as a hub of trading caravas across the Arabian Peninsula. The wells, palm groves, and verdant areas aided the city’s progress, and by the mid-17th century, Riyadh was characterised by a shallow valley along the Wadi Ḥanīfah. In 1920, the once small village, Riyadh, covering approximately only one square kilometre, had drastically grown to over 2000 square kilometres a century later. Today, the city boasts numerous gigantic, cultural and modern structures.
Boasted with a rich tale of heritage and history, Riyadh stands as the finest country that reflects the humble beginning and rapid prosperity of Saudi Arabia. If you are seeking things to do in Saudi Arabia, let’s peek into some of the historical and ancient tales of the city by exploring the various cultural and ancient marvels of the land. Join us with Thrillark as we discover the hidden gems of Riyadh’s past.
Masmak Fortress: Key Role in Unification
The Masmak Fortress holds a profound historical significance and played a pivotal role in the unification of the province of Saudi Arabia in 1932. Erected in 1865 during the Second Saudi State, the fortress was a key defence base for Riyadh. After the collapse of the Second Saudi State in 1881, Abdulaziz, along with his 63 men, set off on a mission to reclaim the fortress in 1902. Despite the intensity of the conflicts, following the defeat and surrounding of Andulazis marked the beginning of the unification efforts. Since 1995, the Fortress has been converted into a museum showcasing one of the most important landmarks in Saudi Arabia. The museum encompasses several displays of antique and historical equipment like guns, costumes, and artefacts.
Location: Qasr al-Masmak, Al Imam Turki ibn Abdullah ibn Muhammad, Dirah, Riyadh
Opening Hours
- Mondays- Thursdays from 8:00 am to 12:00 pm and 4:00 pm to 9:00 pm.
- Fridays, from 4:00 pm to 7:30 pm;
- Saturdays, from 9:00 am to 12:00 pm and 4:00 pm to 7:30 pm
- The fortress is closed on Sundays
Discovering the historical charm of Diriyah
Diriyah, also spelt “Diriyah”, holds greater significance as the birthplace and capital of the first Saudi state. Located on the western edge of Riyadh, near the Highway, this ancient, tiny town played a crucial role in the formation of the kingdom. The city was left to rot for a century ever since it was destroyed by Ottoman in 1818. The city features diverse traditional mud-brick structures, defensive walls, historical buildings, mosques, and other cultural architecture from that time. In 2010, UNESCO recognised Diriyah as a World Heritage Site and emphasised the importance of preserving the heritage of the land. Apart from its historical significance, the Diriyah hosts various cultural events and festivals that invite tourists and residents alike.
Location: Located on the north-western outskirts of the Saudi capital, Riyadh.
Opening Hours:
- Monday to Wednesday: 10:00 am – 12:00 am
- Thursday to Saturday: 10:00 am – 1:00 am
- Sunday: 10:00 am – 12:00 am
Experience the Traditional Souq Zal Market
The Souq Zal Traditional Market is a captivating gateway into the traditional world of Riyadh, offering visitors a journey to the remarkable land to explore the city’s cultural fabric. Souq is one of the oldest traditional markets of Riyadh, carrying 100 years of history within its alleyways. Located about 5.4 km from Al-Murabba Historical Palace, the market area covers around 38,000 square metres. The market is renowned for its extravagant collection of antiques, rare coins, and vintage utensils.
Location: Al-Dirah neighborhood, Riyadh
Opening Hours:
- Sunday to Saturday from 3:30 pm to 10:30 pm.
- Daily, an antique auction takes place in the market, a few hours after afternoon prayer.
National Museum of Saudi Arabia
The hallways of the Saudi National Museum will take you on a journey beyond space and time. Situated in the neighbourhood of King Abdulaziz Palace, the museum opens us to the historical world of Saudi Arabia. Opened in 1419H, the museum spans a distance of 17,000 km and features a collection of 700 artefacts, including statues, scripts, and a unique collection of sculptures. The museum comprises eight galleries, such as the Man and Universe Gallery, which explores the origins of celestial and solar systems. If you want to gain insight into ancient civilization.
Dig into the Ancient Arab Kingdom Gallery to learn about the life of Prophet Mohammad at Prophet Mission Gallery. Explore the urban development of Masjid Al Haram and Majid Al Nabawi in the Hajj and Two Holy Mosque Gallery. The museum also hosts seasonal exhibitions and activities like Photography corners and festive moments, creating delightful and enriching hours for the visitors.
Location: located in the al-Murabba neighborhood of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Opening Hours:
- Monday to Wednesday: 9:00 am – 9:00 pm
- Thursday: 9:00 am – 11:00 pm
- Friday: 1:00 pm – 11:00 pm
- Saturday: 9:00 am – 9:00 pm
Delve into the historical Thumaira Gate
This historical gate is living testament to its significant role in Saudi Arabia’s history. Located in the Ad Dirah in Riyadh, it was once part of the city wall built by King Abdul Aziz after conquering Riyadh. Thus, the gate symbolises a pivotal period, where Riyadh became the capital city of the newly formed Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It also holds significance among the nine gates depicted in 1922 Riyadh, scripted in Harry St. John’s (1922) book, The Heart of Arabia. The sand-coloured gate features a small turret, allowing visitors to climb over it and experience the modest views over the Souk area.
Location: Ad Dirah section of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Opening hours:
- Open from 9:00 am to 4:30 pm daily.
- It is recommended to visit the gate between 10:00 am and 3:00 pm and avoid visiting during prayer times.
Sheikh Muhammad Ibn Abdul Wahhab Mosque
Located in the heart of Riyadh, the Sheikh Muhammad Ibn Abdul Wahhab Mosque is a testament to the region’s heritage. Constructed in the traditional Najd style, the mosque is considered a contemporary rendition of the original modest mosque, where the controversial 18th-century scholar Muhammad Ibn Abdul Wahhab preached. With a light fortress-like structure and features like a flat roof and turrets, the mosque exudes a captivating blend of traditional architecture with modern aesthetics. Situated opposite the bank from historic Diryah, the strategic location contributes to the powerful reminder of the alliance that moulded the Saudi Dynasty.
Location: Al Muhandiseen St, Doha, Qatar.
Opening Hours
- Daily from 9:00 am to 4:30 pm.
- The best time to visit the mosque is between 10:00 am and 3:00 pm, and avoid visiting during prayer.
Riyadh: A Tapestry of Heritage and Modernity
Exploring the history of Riyadh’s historical treasures offers a captivating journey that takes the region’s road to progress. Each site and place reminds us of the humble beginning of the city that narrated Riyadh’s evolution into the dynamic capital of Saudi Arabia. From the remarkable fortress of Masmak to the Abdul Wahhab Mosque, the region seamlessly balances its historical aspects with modernity, inviting you to traverse its streets and immerse yourself in its rich heritage. Riyadh encourages us to embrace its past, appreciate its present, and anticipate the unfolding chapters of the city.
Essential Information for Visitors
- Dress modestly: Respect local customs and traditions, and cover your arms and legs below the knees.
- Specify the prayer time: Visitors must avoid entering the mosque during the payer time to show respect to the religion.
- Follow Photography Rules: Visitors should adhere to the rules or guidelines regarding photography within mosques, museums, or markets.
- Mind Cultural Sensitivities: Mindful of cultural sensitivities and norms. Avoid the display of affection, especially in traditional and religious places.
- Stay Hydrated: Riyadh typically has a warm climate; therefore, visitors should bring a water bottle and stay hydrated throughout the day.
- Learn About Local Customs: Familiarize yourself with Riyadh’s local customs and traditions.
FAQs on Old Riyadh: History and Architecture
- Which is a must-see historical landmark in Riyadh?
Some must-visit sites in Riyadh include Masmak Fortress, Souq Zal, and Sheikh Abdul Wahhab Mosque, which provide a glimpse into Riyadh’s rich history.
- How can we honour the local customs of Riyadh?
Visitors are supposed to dress modestly, adhere to cultural norms and be mindful of prayer times to ensure a respectful and enjoyable experience.
- Are there any specific opening hours for historical sites and museums in Riyadh?
Be aware of the opening time during the visit. For instance, Masmak Fortress is often open from 8:00 AM to 9:00 PM and avoids visiting during prayer.
- What’s the significance of Diriyah?
Diriyah is the birthplace of the first Saudi state, recognised by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site for its historical significance.
- Can tourists participate in the antique auction at Souq Zal?
Yes, the daily antique auction takes place a few hours after afternoon prayers, providing a unique opportunity for visitors to engage in the market experience.
